ABSTRACT
Continuing globalization has meant the increased development and importance of regional and international trade organizations and trade agreements. This Dictionary provides a background to the historical development of such systems, as well as giving a global overview of the current situation.
The introduction, as well as explaining the historical background, discusses the major political and economic ideas and controversies, and analyses the current dynamic between international and regional trade organizations.
Impartial analysis and up-to-date information is given in a concise way, detailing:
- major international, regional and bilateral trade agreements and organizations
- other national and international organizations involved in trade
- core concepts/theories in relation to international economics/development and international co-operation
- major trade negotiations and disputes
- other topics of importance, such as globalization.
Entries are listed alphabetically, and fully cross-referenced for ease of use.
Entries include: Africa Trade Network, Bretton Woods, China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, Dumping, Globalization, Mercosur, Pan-Arab Free Trade Area, Treaty of Nice, World Bank, WTO Secretariat and WWF
TABLE OF CONTENTS
letter 1|30 pages
A
entry |1 pages
Absolute advantage
entry |1 pages
Abuse of a dominant position
entry |1 pages
Accountability
entry |1 pages
ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States)
entry |1 pages
Acquis communautaire
entry |1 pages
Action plan for the single market (EU)
entry |1 pages
Action Aid International
entry |2 pages
Advisory Centre for WTO Law (ACWL)
entry |1 pages
Africa Group
entry |2 pages
African Economic Community (AEC)
entry |1 pages
African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA)
entry |2 pages
African Union
entry |1 pages
Agadir Agreement
entry |2 pages
Agadir Technical Unit
entry |1 pages
Agency for International Trade Information and Cooperation (AITIC)
entry |1 pages
Agriculture
entry |1 pages
Aid for trade (also known as trade-related assistance)
entry |1 pages
Airbus–Boeing (subsidies)
entry |1 pages
ALBA (Alianza Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América)
entry |1 pages
Alemán Gurdián, Juan Daniel
entry |1 pages
American Chambers of Commerce (AMCHAM)
entry |2 pages
Amicus curiae
entry |1 pages
Amsterdam, Treaty of
entry |1 pages
AMU (Arab Maghreb Union) (also often known as the UMA/Union du Maghreb Arabe)
entry |2 pages
AMU Court
entry |1 pages
AMU Monitoring Committee
entry |1 pages
AMU Secretariat General
entry |1 pages
AMU Supreme Council
entry |2 pages
Andean Commission
entry |1 pages
Andean Community (Spanish acronym: CAN)
entry |2 pages
Andean Community Council of Foreign Ministers
entry |1 pages
Andean Community-EU Association Agreement
entry |1 pages
Andean Community General Secretariat
entry |2 pages
Andean Community-Mercosur Free Trade Agreement
entry |1 pages
Andean Community Presidential Council
entry |1 pages
Andean Court of Justice
entry |2 pages
Andean Integration System
entry |1 pages
Andean Pact
entry |1 pages
Annecy Round
entry |2 pages
Anti-dumping
entry |1 pages
APTA (Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement)
entry |2 pages
APTA Ministerial Council
entry |1 pages
APTA Secretariat
entry |1 pages
APTA Standing Committee
entry |2 pages
Arab Common Market
entry |1 pages
Arab Cooperation Council
entry |2 pages
Arab NGO Network for Development (ANND)
entry |1 pages
Argentina (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Article 133 Committee (EU)
entry |2 pages
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
entry |1 pages
ASEAN-Australia/New Zealand Free Trade Area
entry |2 pages
ASEAN Comprehensive Investment Agreement (ACIA)
entry |1 pages
ASEAN dispute settlement system
entry |2 pages
ASEAN economic community
entry |1 pages
ASEAN-EU Free Trade Area
entry |2 pages
ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA)
entry |1 pages
ASEAN-GCC relations
entry |2 pages
ASEAN-India Regional Trade and Investment Area
entry |1 pages
ASEAN Investment Area (AIA)
entry |2 pages
ASEAN-Japan Free Trade Area
entry |1 pages
ASEAN-Mercosur relations
entry |1 pages
ASEAN Ministerials
entry |2 pages
ASEAN Secretariat
entry |1 pages
ASEAN Summit
entry |2 pages
ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement (ATIGA)
entry |1 pages
Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM)
entry |2 pages
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
entry |1 pages
Asian Trade Promotion Forum (ATPF)
entry |1 pages
Association Agreements
entry |2 pages
Asunción, Treaty of
entry |1 pages
Attiya, Abdul Rahman al-
entry |1 pages
Australia (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Austria (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Autarky
entry |1 pages
Automobiles (a dispute within Mercosur)
entry |1 pages
Automobile parts
letter 2|9 pages
B
entry |1 pages
Balance of trade
entry |1 pages
Bananas
entry |2 pages
Bangkok Agreement
entry |1 pages
Barroso, José Manuel
entry |1 pages
Battle of Seattle
entry |2 pages
Beef and rice (a trade dispute)
entry |1 pages
Belgium (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Black Sea Economic Cooperation Pact
entry |2 pages
Blair House agreement
entry |1 pages
Bosman
entry |2 pages
Bound tariffs
entry |1 pages
Bovine meat
entry |2 pages
Bra wars
entry |1 pages
Brasilia, Protocol of
entry |1 pages
Brazil (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Brazil and Argentina (dispute on Brazilian restrictive trade measures)
entry |2 pages
Bretton Woods
entry |1 pages
British Airways v. the European Commission
entry |2 pages
British beef
entry |1 pages
Broomcorn brooms
entry |2 pages
Business Europe
entry |1 pages
Buy America
letter 3|35 pages
C
entry |1 pages
CAFTA-DR (Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement)
entry |2 pages
Cairns Group
entry |1 pages
CAN
entry |1 pages
Canada (WTO member)
entry |2 pages
Cancún Ministerial
entry |1 pages
Capacity-building
entry |2 pages
Caribbean Basin Initiative
entry |1 pages
Caribbean Free Trade Association (CARIFTA)
entry |1 pages
CARICOM (Caribbean Community)
entry |2 pages
CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME)
entry |1 pages
CARIFORUM
entry |1 pages
Carrington, Edwin Wilberforce
entry |2 pages
Cartagena Agreement
entry |1 pages
Cassis de Dijon
entry |1 pages
CEEAC
entry |2 pages
CEFTA (Central European Free Trade Agreement 2006)
entry |1 pages
CEFTA dispute settlement
entry |1 pages
CEFTA Joint Committee
entry |1 pages
CEFTA Secretariat
entry |2 pages
CEMAC (Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa—French acronym)
entry |1 pages
CEMAC Customs Union
entry |2 pages
CEMAC institutional architecture
entry |1 pages
CEN-SAD/Community of Sahel-Saharan States
entry |1 pages
Central America-EU Association Agreement
entry |2 pages
Central American Common Market (CACM)
entry |1 pages
Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR)
entry |2 pages
Central Asian Cooperation Organization (also known as the Organization of Central Asian Cooperation)
entry |1 pages
Central Asian Economic Community
entry |1 pages
Chambas, Mohamed ibn
entry |1 pages
China, People's Republic of (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
China-ASEAN Agreement on Trade in Goods
entry |2 pages
China-ASEAN Agreement on Trade in Services
entry |1 pages
China-ASEAN Free Trade Area
entry |1 pages
CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States)
entry |1 pages
CIS Customs Union
entry |1 pages
CIS Free Trade Agreement (CISFTA)
entry |1 pages
Civil aircraft, WTO agreement on
entry |2 pages
Civil society
entry |1 pages
Classical trade theory
entry |2 pages
Coalitions
entry |1 pages
Cocoa
entry |2 pages
Coffee
entry |1 pages
Cohesion Fund
entry |1 pages
Colombia (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Colombo Sierra, Agustín
entry |2 pages
COMECON (Council of Mutual Economic Assistance)
entry |2 pages
COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa)
entry |1 pages
COMESA Authority
entry |1 pages
COMESA Council of Ministers
entry |1 pages
COMESA Court of Justice
entry |2 pages
COMESA Customs Union
entry |1 pages
COMESA Free Trade Area (FTA)
entry |2 pages
COMESA Secretariat
entry |1 pages
Comitology (EU)
entry |2 pages
Committee of Professional Agricultural Organisations (COPA) (Europe)
entry |1 pages
Committee on Trade and Development (WTO)
entry |2 pages
Committee on Trade and the Environment (WTO)
entry |2 pages
Common agricultural policy (CAP)
entry |1 pages
Common commercial policy (EU)
entry |2 pages
Common economic space (within the former USSR)
entry |1 pages
Common Fund for Commodities (CFC)
entry |1 pages
Common market
entry |2 pages
Commonwealth
entry |1 pages
Commonwealth of Independent States
entry |1 pages
Comparative advantage
entry |2 pages
Competition policy
entry |1 pages
CONCORD (European NGO Confederation for Relief and Development)
entry |2 pages
Conditionality
entry |1 pages
Confederation of Asia-Pacific Chambers of Commerce and Industry (CACCI)
entry |1 pages
Constructivism
entry |2 pages
Consumers International (CI)
entry |1 pages
Core group of developing countries
entry |2 pages
COREPER
entry |1 pages
Cotonou Agreement
entry |1 pages
Cotton 4
entry |1 pages
Council of Arab Economic Unity
entry |1 pages
Council of Ministers (EU)
entry |2 pages
Council of the European Union (formerly known as the Council of Ministers)
entry |1 pages
Council for Trade in Goods (WTO)
entry |2 pages
Council for Trade in Services (WTO)
entry |1 pages
Council on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights/Council on TRIPS (WTO)
entry |1 pages
Countervailing duties
entry |2 pages
Countervailing measures
entry |1 pages
Cross-border trucking
entry |1 pages
Cuban Liberty and Democratic Solidarity Act
entry |2 pages
Customs disputes
entry |1 pages
Customs union
letter 4|7 pages
D
entry |1 pages
Dairy products
entry |1 pages
De Gucht, Karel
entry |2 pages
Democracy
entry |1 pages
Democratic deficit
entry |1 pages
Denmark (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Dependency theory
entry |2 pages
Developing countries
entry |1 pages
Diamonds
entry |1 pages
Dillon Round
entry |2 pages
Directives (EU)
entry |1 pages
Dispute settlement
entry |1 pages
Doha Declaration
entry |1 pages
Doha Development Round
entry |2 pages
Doha Ministerial
entry |1 pages
Dumping
entry |1 pages
Duties
letter 5|36 pages
E
entry |1 pages
EAC (East African Community)
entry |2 pages
EAC Common Market
entry |1 pages
EAC Co-ordination Committee
entry |1 pages
EAC Council of Ministers
entry |1 pages
EAC Customs Union
entry |1 pages
EAC Secretariat
entry |1 pages
EAC Summit
entry |1 pages
East African Court of Justice
entry |2 pages
East Asia Free Trade Area (ASEAN+3)
entry |1 pages
East Asian Community
entry |1 pages
EC
entry |2 pages
ECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States)
entry |1 pages
ECO (Economic Cooperation Organization)
entry |2 pages
ECO Trade Agreement (ECOTA)
entry |1 pages
Economic Agreement (of the GCC/Gulf Cooperation Council)
entry |1 pages
Economic and Social Committee (EU)
entry |2 pages
Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs)
entry |2 pages
ECOSOC (Economic and Social Council of the United Nations)
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States)
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS Authority of Heads of State and Government
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS Commission
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS Council of Ministers
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS Court of Justice
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS customs union
entry |1 pages
ECOWAS-WAEMU
entry |2 pages
EEA (European Economic Area)
entry |2 pages
EFTA (European Free Trade Area)
entry |1 pages
EFTA Court
entry |1 pages
EFTA external trade agreements
entry |1 pages
EFTA-GCC Free Trade Agreement
entry |2 pages
EFTA-SACU
entry |1 pages
EFTA Surveillance Authority
entry |1 pages
Egypt (WTO member)
entry |2 pages
Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) (EU)
entry |1 pages
Endogenous tariff theory
entry |2 pages
Energy Charter Treaty (ECT)
entry |1 pages
Energy products
entry |2 pages
Energy services
entry |1 pages
Enhanced integrated framework (EIF)
entry |1 pages
Essential elements
entry |2 pages
EU (European Union)
entry |1 pages
EU bilateral trade agreements
entry |2 pages
EU-CARIFORUM EPA
entry |1 pages
EU-Central Africa EPA
entry |1 pages
EU-East African Community EPA
entry |1 pages
EU/European Communities nomenclature
entry |2 pages
EU enlargement
entry |1 pages
EU-Pacific EPA
entry |2 pages
EU-Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA
entry |1 pages
EU-Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) EPA
entry |2 pages
EU-West Africa EPA
entry |1 pages
Eurasec (EurAsian Economic Community)
entry |2 pages
Eurasec Court
entry |1 pages
Eurasec Customs Union
entry |1 pages
Eurasec Customs Union Commission
entry |2 pages
Eurasec Integration Committee
entry |1 pages
Eurasec Interstate Council
entry |1 pages
Euratom
entry |2 pages
Euro
entry |1 pages
Euro-Mediterranean Association Agreements
entry |1 pages
Euro-Mediterranean dispute settlement
entry |1 pages
Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area (EMFTA)
entry |2 pages
Euro-Mediterranean Partnership (EMP)
entry |1 pages
Euro-Mediterranean Trade Ministerials
entry |2 pages
European Central Bank (ECB)
entry |1 pages
European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)
entry |2 pages
European Commission
entry |2 pages
European Communities
entry |1 pages
European Council
entry |2 pages
European Court of Justice (ECJ)
entry |1 pages
European Economic Community (EEC)
entry |1 pages
European Free Trade Area
entry |2 pages
European Parliament
entry |1 pages
European Services Forum (ESF)
entry |2 pages
European Trade Union Confederation (ETUC)
entry |1 pages
European Union
entry |1 pages
Eurostep (European Solidarity Towards Equal Participation of Peoples)
entry |2 pages
Eurozone
entry |1 pages
Everything But Arms initiative (EBA)
letter 6|7 pages
F
entry |1 pages
Fair trade
entry |2 pages
Fairtrade Labelling Organizations International (FLO)
entry |1 pages
Fast track authority/Trade promotion authority
entry |1 pages
Finland (WTO member)
entry |2 pages
Fish
entry |1 pages
Footwear (an anti-dumping dispute)
entry |2 pages
Foreign direct investment (FDI)
entry |1 pages
Forum Island Countries (FICs)
entry |1 pages
France (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Free-riders
entry |2 pages
Free trade agreement (FTA)
entry |2 pages
Free Trade Agreement of the Americas (FTAA)
entry |1 pages
Free trade area
entry |1 pages
Friends of Ambition
entry |1 pages
Friends of Fish
entry |2 pages
Friends of Multifunctionality
letter 7|18 pages
G
entry |1 pages
G-10
entry |1 pages
G-20 (of developing countries)
entry |2 pages
G-33
entry |1 pages
G-90
entry |1 pages
Gambling
entry |2 pages
Game theory
entry |2 pages
GATT (The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
entry |1 pages
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council)
entry |2 pages
GCC common currency
entry |1 pages
GCC Common Market
entry |2 pages
GCC Customs Union
entry |1 pages
GCC dispute settlement
entry |1 pages
GCC-EU Free Trade Agreement
entry |2 pages
GCC-Mercosur
entry |1 pages
GCC Ministerial Council
entry |1 pages
GCC Secretariat
entry |2 pages
GCC Supreme Council
entry |1 pages
Gender
entry |1 pages
Geneva Ministerial
entry |2 pages
Geneva Ministerial (2)
entry |1 pages
Geneva Round (1)
entry |2 pages
Geneva Round (2)
entry |1 pages
Germany (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Ghebo, James Victor
entry |1 pages
Gleneagles Summit
entry |1 pages
Global Campaign for Action against Poverty (GCAP)
entry |1 pages
Global civil society
entry |2 pages
Global governance
entry |1 pages
Global System of Trade Preferences among Developing Countries (GSTP)
entry |1 pages
Global Unions
entry |2 pages
Globalization
entry |1 pages
GMOs (Genetically modified organisms)
entry |1 pages
Government Procurement, WTO Agreement on
entry |2 pages
Grains/Grains Trade Convention
entry |1 pages
Greater-Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) (also known as the Pan-Arab Free Trade Area/PAFTA)
entry |1 pages
Greater-Arab Free Trade Area (GAFTA) membership
entry |2 pages
Greece (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Green room
entry |1 pages
Greenpeace
entry |2 pages
Group of 3
entry |1 pages
Group of Small and Vulnerable Economies (SVE)
entry |2 pages
GSP (Generalized system of preferences)
entry |1 pages
GUAM
entry |1 pages
Gulf Cooperation Council
letter 8|4 pages
H
entry |1 pages
Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, (International Convention on the)
entry |1 pages
Havana Charter
entry |1 pages
Heckscher-Ohlin Model
entry |1 pages
Helms-Burton Act
entry |2 pages
Hemispheric Social Alliance/HSA (Alianza Social Continental)
entry |1 pages
Hong Kong Ministerial
entry |2 pages
Human development
entry |1 pages
Human rights
letter 9|14 pages
I
entry |1 pages
IGAD (Intergovernmental Authority on Development)
entry |2 pages
IMF (International Monetary Fund)
entry |1 pages
Implementation issues (WTO)
entry |1 pages
India (WTO member)
entry |2 pages
Indonesia (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Infant industry argument
entry |1 pages
Information Technology Agreement (WTO)
entry |1 pages
Initialling
entry |1 pages
Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy (IATP)
entry |1 pages
Integrated framework
entry |2 pages
Interdependence
entry |1 pages
Intergovernmental
entry |1 pages
Internal market (EU)
entry |2 pages
International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
entry |1 pages
International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
entry |1 pages
International Coalition for Development Action (ICDA)
entry |2 pages
International commodity agreements (ICA)
entry |2 pages
International commodity bodies
entry |1 pages
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
entry |1 pages
International Gender and Trade Network (ITGN)
entry |2 pages
International Labour Organization (ILO)
entry |1 pages
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
entry |1 pages
International regime
entry |1 pages
International Trade Centre (ITC)
entry |2 pages
International Trade Organization
entry |1 pages
International Trade Union Confederation (ITUC)
entry |2 pages
Interregional trade agreements
entry |1 pages
Intra-firm trade
entry |1 pages
Intra-industry trade
entry |2 pages
IOC (Indian Ocean Commission)
entry |1 pages
Iran
entry |1 pages
Iran and Libya Sanctions Act
entry |1 pages
Ireland, Republic of (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Israel (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Italy (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
ITUC Africa
letter 10|1 pages
J
entry |1 pages
Japan (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Jara, Alexandro
letter 11|2 pages
K
entry |1 pages
Kennedy Round
entry |2 pages
Kimberley Process
entry |1 pages
Kirk, Ronald
entry |1 pages
Korea, Republic of (South Korea—WTO member)
letter 12|6 pages
L
entry |1 pages
Lamy, Pascal
entry |1 pages
Latin American Free Trade Association
entry |2 pages
Latin American Integration Association (Spanish acronym ALADI)
entry |1 pages
Least developed countries (LDCs)
entry |2 pages
Legal personality
entry |1 pages
Legalization
entry |1 pages
Liberal institutionalism
entry |1 pages
Liberal intergovernmentalism
entry |1 pages
Like-minded Group (of developing countries)
entry |2 pages
Lisbon, Treaty of
entry |1 pages
List, Georg Friedrich
entry |2 pages
Lomé Conventions
letter 13|12 pages
M
entry |1 pages
Maastricht, Treaty of
entry |1 pages
MAI (Multilateral Agreement on Investment)
entry |1 pages
Malaysia (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Mandelson, Peter (Lord Mandelson)
entry |1 pages
Market economy status
entry |2 pages
Marrakech, Treaty of
entry |1 pages
Mercantilism
entry |2 pages
Mercosur
entry |2 pages
Mercosur Common Automobile Regime
entry |1 pages
Mercosur Common Market Council
entry |1 pages
Mercosur Common Market Group
entry |2 pages
Mercosur dispute settlement
entry |1 pages
Mercosur-EU Free Trade Agreement
entry |2 pages
Mercosur-EU Inter-regional Framework Cooperation Agreement
entry |1 pages
Mercosur-SACU preferential trade agreement
entry |1 pages
Mercosur Secretariat
entry |2 pages
Mercosur Trade Commission
entry |1 pages
Metalclad
entry |2 pages
Methanex
entry |1 pages
Mexico (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
MFA (Multifibre arrangement)
entry |1 pages
Middle East Free Trade Area (MEFTA)
entry |1 pages
Millennium Round
entry |1 pages
Modalities
entry |2 pages
Moore, Michael
entry |1 pages
Moremi, Tswelopele Cornelia
entry |1 pages
Most favoured nation (MFN)
entry |2 pages
Mutual recognition
letter 14|9 pages
N
entry |1 pages
NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)
entry |1 pages
NAFTA Commission
entry |2 pages
NAFTA dispute settlement
entry |1 pages
NAFTA Free Trade Commission
entry |1 pages
NAFTA Secretariat
entry |1 pages
National treatment
entry |1 pages
Natural rubber
entry |1 pages
Neoclassical trade theory
entry |2 pages
Neo-functionalism
entry |2 pages
Neoliberalism
entry |1 pages
Netherlands (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Ngwenya, Sindiso Ndema
entry |2 pages
Nice, Treaty of
entry |1 pages
Nigeria (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
Non-agricultural market access (NAMA)
entry |2 pages
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs)
entry |1 pages
Noor, Muhamad
entry |1 pages
Normative trade theory
entry |2 pages
North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC)
entry |1 pages
North American Agreement on Labor Cooperation (NAALC)
entry |1 pages
North American Free Trade Agreement
entry |1 pages
Norway (WTO member)
letter 15|4 pages
O
entry |1 pages
OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)
entry |1 pages
Oil
entry |2 pages
Olive oil and table olives
entry |1 pages
Olivos, Protocol of
entry |2 pages
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)
entry |1 pages
Optimum currency area (OCA)
entry |1 pages
Ouro Preto, Protocol of
entry |2 pages
Oxfam International
letter 16|8 pages
P
entry |1 pages
Pacer (Pacific Agreement On Closer Economic Relations)
entry |2 pages
Pacer Plus
entry |1 pages
Pacific Islands Forum
entry |1 pages
Pan-Arab Free Trade Area (PAFTA)
entry |2 pages
Pan-Euro-Mediterranean Cumulation Of Origin System
entry |1 pages
Pan-European Cumulation Of Origin
entry |1 pages
Panitchpakdi, Supachai
entry |2 pages
Paper Pulp (A Mercosur Dispute)
entry |1 pages
Patents Dispute (Usa And India)
entry |2 pages
Pharmaceuticals Dispute
entry |1 pages
Picta (Pacific Island Countries Trade Agreement)
entry |1 pages
Pitsuwan, Surin
entry |2 pages
Plurilateral Agreements
entry |1 pages
Poland (WTO Member)
entry |1 pages
Portugal (WTO Member)
entry |1 pages
Preferential Trade Agreements
entry |2 pages
Procurement (A Trade Dispute)
entry |1 pages
Protectionism
entry |2 pages
Public Services International (PSI)
letter 231Q|1 pages
entry |1 pages
Quotas
letter 232R|5 pages
entry |1 pages
Realism/Neo-Realism
entry |2 pages
Reciprocity
entry |1 pages
Regional Integration
entry |1 pages
Regionalism
entry |2 pages
Regionalization
entry |1 pages
Regulations (Eu)
entry |1 pages
Rent Seeking
entry |2 pages
Rome, Treaty Of
entry |1 pages
Rounds (Wto/Gatt)
entry |1 pages
Ruggiero, Renato
entry |2 pages
Rules Of Origin
entry |1 pages
Russia
letter 237S|23 pages
entry |1 pages
SAARC (South Asian Association For Regional Cooperation)
entry |2 pages
SAARC Agreement On Trade In Services
entry |1 pages
SAARC Secretariat
entry |1 pages
SACU (Southern Africa Customs Union)
entry |2 pages
SACU Council Of Ministers
entry |1 pages
SACU Customs Union Commission
entry |1 pages
SACU Secretariat
entry |2 pages
SACU Tariff Board
entry |1 pages
SACU Tribunal
entry |1 pages
SADC (Southern African Development Community)
entry |2 pages
SADC Committee Of Ministers Responsible For Trade
entry |1 pages
Sadc Dispute Settlement
entry |1 pages
SADC Free Trade Area (Fta)
entry |1 pages
SADC Protocol On Trade In Services
entry |1 pages
SADC Secretariat
entry |1 pages
SADC Summit
entry |1 pages
SADC Trade Negotiation Forum
entry |1 pages
Safeguards
entry |2 pages
Safeguard Measures on Textiles (A Mercosur Dispute)
entry |1 pages
SAFTA (South Asian Free Trade Area)
entry |2 pages
SAFTA Council Of Ministers
entry |1 pages
SAFTA Dispute Settlement System
entry |1 pages
SalomãO, TomáZ Augosto
entry |1 pages
Sanitary and Phytosanitary Standards
entry |1 pages
SAPTA/SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement
entry |1 pages
Saudi Arabia (WTO Member)
entry |1 pages
S.D. Myers Case
entry |1 pages
Seattle Ministerial
entry |1 pages
Sendanyoye Rugwabiza, Valentine
entry |2 pages
Services Directive (Eu)
entry |1 pages
SICA (Central American System Of Integration, Known By The Spanish Acronym)
entry |2 pages
SIECA (Secretariat For Central American Integration)
entry |1 pages
Singapore Issues
entry |2 pages
Singapore Ministerial
entry |1 pages
Singh, Harsha Vardhana
entry |1 pages
Single European Act (SEA)
entry |2 pages
Single Market (EU/European Communities)
entry |1 pages
Single Undertaking
entry |1 pages
SLIM (Simpler Legislation For The Internal Market) (EU)
entry |1 pages
Smoot-Hawley Tariff
entry |2 pages
Softwood Lumber Agreement
entry |1 pages
South Africa (WTO Member)
entry |1 pages
South Korea
entry |1 pages
Southern Africa Customs Union
entry |1 pages
Southern African Development Community
entry |1 pages
Spain (WTO Member)
entry |2 pages
SPARTECA (South Pacific Regional Trade And Economic Cooperation Agreement)
entry |1 pages
Special and Differential Treatment (S&Dt)
entry |2 pages
Stabex and Sysmin
entry |1 pages
Standards and Trade Development Facility
entry |1 pages
State Aid
entry |1 pages
Steel Safeguards
entry |1 pages
Strategic Trade Theory
entry |2 pages
Structural Funds (EU)
entry |1 pages
Structuralism
entry |2 pages
Subsidies
entry |1 pages
Sucre, Protocol of
entry |2 pages
Sugar
entry |1 pages
Supranational
entry |2 pages
Sweden (WTO Member)
entry |1 pages
Switzerland (WTO Member)
letter 260T|13 pages
entry |1 pages
Tariff
entry |1 pages
Tariff Codes/Tariff Classification
entry |1 pages
Tariff Escalation
entry |1 pages
Tariff Peaks
entry |2 pages
Tariffication
entry |1 pages
Telecommunications Services (A Dispute Between the USA and Mexico)
entry |1 pages
Textiles
entry |1 pages
Thailand (WTO Member)
entry |2 pages
Tin
entry |1 pages
Tokyo Round
entry |1 pages
Torquay Round
entry |2 pages
Trade Diversion and Trade Creation
entry |1 pages
Trade Facilitation
entry |2 pages
Trade Facilitation Facility
entry |1 pages
Trade In Services
entry |2 pages
Trade Negotiations Committee (TNC)
entry |1 pages
Trade Policy Review Mechanism
entry |1 pages
Trade-Related Assistance
entry |2 pages
Trade Trap
entry |1 pages
Trademarks (Dispute)
entry |1 pages
Trans Regional Eu-Asean Trade Initiative (TREATI)
entry |2 pages
Transaction Costs
entry |1 pages
Transatlantic Economic Council (TEC)
entry |2 pages
Transparency
entry |1 pages
TRIMS (Trade-Related Investment Measures)
entry |1 pages
Tripartite Agreement Between the EAC, COMESA and SADC
entry |3 pages
Trips (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights)
entry |1 pages
Tropical Agricultural Products
entry |2 pages
Tropical Timber
entry |1 pages
Trujillo, Protocol of
entry |1 pages
Turkey (WTO Member)
entry |2 pages
TWN (Third World Network)
entry |1 pages
Two-Level Game
letter 273U|6 pages
entry |1 pages
UEAC (L'Union Economique de I'Afrique Centrale)
entry |1 pages
UEMOA
entry |1 pages
UN (United Nations)
entry |1 pages
UNASUR
entry |1 pages
UNCITRAL (United Nations Commission on International Trade Law)
entry |2 pages
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
entry |1 pages
UNICE
entry |1 pages
Unified Economic Agreement (of the GCC)
entry |1 pages
Union Economique et Monétaire Ouest Africaine (UEMOA)
entry |1 pages
Union for the Mediterranean (UfM)
entry |1 pages
Union of South American Nations (Spanish acronym UNASUR)
entry |1 pages
United Arab Emirates (UAE) (WTO member)
entry |1 pages
United Kingdom (WTO member)
entry |2 pages
Upland Cotton
entry |1 pages
Uruguay Round
entry |2 pages
US Chamber of Commerce
entry |1 pages
USA (United States of America) (WTO member)
letter 279V|2 pages
entry |1 pages
Van Gend en Loos
entry |2 pages
Variable geometry
entry |1 pages
Venezuela (WTO Member)
entry |1 pages
Voluntary Export Restraints (VERs)
letter 281W|14 pages
entry |1 pages
WAEMU (West African Economic and Monetary Union)
entry |2 pages
WAEMU Commission
entry |1 pages
WAEMU Conference Of Heads Of State And Government
entry |1 pages
WAEMU Council Of Ministers
entry |1 pages
WAEMU Court Of Justice
entry |1 pages
WAEMU Customs Union
entry |1 pages
World Bank
entry |1 pages
World Customs Organization (WCO)
entry |2 pages
World Fair Trade Organization (WFTO)
entry |1 pages
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
entry |1 pages
World Trade Organization
entry |2 pages
Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF)
entry |2 pages
WTO (World Trade Organization)
entry |2 pages
WTO Accession
entry |1 pages
WTO Agreement on Anti-Dumping Practices
entry |2 pages
WTO Agreement on Customs Valuation
entry |1 pages
WTO Agreement on Import Licensing Procedures
entry |1 pages
WTO Agreement on Pre-Shipment Inspection
entry |2 pages
WTO Agreement on Rules of Origin (ROO)
entry |1 pages
WTO Agreement on Safeguards
entry |2 pages
WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures
entry |1 pages
WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures
entry |2 pages
WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade
entry |2 pages
WTO Dispute Settlement
entry |2 pages
WTO/GATT Agreement on Agriculture
entry |1 pages
WTO General Council
entry |2 pages
WTO Ministerial Conference
entry |1 pages
WTO Secretariat
letter 295Y|1 pages
entry |1 pages
Yerxa, Rufus
letter 296Z|2 pages
entry |1 pages
Zero-Sum Game
entry |2 pages
Zeroing Methodology