ABSTRACT
The oil palm industry forms the economic backbone of Malaysia and contributes to the high export earnings in the agriculture sector. The Malaysian palm oil industry is the fourth largest contributor to the Malaysian Gross National Income (GNI) with RM 52.7 billion and was set to increase to RM 178.0 billion in 2020. According to the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB), in 2015, Sabah had the largest area of oil palm cultivation at 1.54 million ha followed by Sarawak and Johore was third with 0.74 million ha. During harvesting of fresh fruit bunches and pruning of palm trees, oil palm frond are regularly cut and during oil palm trees replanting, the oil palm trunk is unable to be utilized and these biomasses are usually available throughout the year in the plantation. For the Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB), Mesocarp Fiber (MF) and Palm Kernel Shell (PKS), these biomasses can be found in the oil palm mill.
