ABSTRACT
In this chapter, a short description of the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is presented. Next, some modifications of the WOA such as chaotic WOA, levy-flight WOA, binary-based WOA, and some improved versions of the WOA are discussed. Finally, the WOA is used to solve a real-world engineering problem; in this case, the optimum design of shallow foundations, a problem typical in geotechnical engineering.
