ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the experimental investigations of employing the in-situ X-ray and neutron diffraction technique to study the structural disorder and phase transition of different anode and cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and Na-ion batteries. It explains about employing in-situ X-ray and the in-operando high-resolution neutron-scattering studies on analyzing the structural distortions and phase transition that occurred on commercial-type LIB and Na-ion batteries during the charging/discharging conditions. Rechargeable LIBs have attracted much attention on energy storage due to their high energy density and long cycle life for increasing demand of portable electric devices, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and grid energy storage system. The 2032 coin-type cells consisting of a test electrode, lithium foil as a counter electrode, and a microporous separator were assembled in an Ar-filled glovebox. Lithium transferability in graphite is the rate-limiting factor for the charge capability at low temperatures.
