ABSTRACT
In the present time, with the various advancement in science and technology, life has improved in many ways. Improvements in medicine and diagnostic techniques have played an important role in enhancing life span. This shows a direct impact on population size. To overcome these challenges, scientists have enhanced research to new heights. Although various biotechnological aspects have proven to be better in increasing crop productivity, the miniature size of nanoparticles makes them perfectly poised to minimize the use of chemicals and pesticides and lead to maximum availability of nutrients. In sustainable agriculture, soil composition, nutrient availability, and resistivity against diseases in plants are the major requirements and nanoparticle creations like nanoclays, nanozeolites, and hydrogels increase the water-holding capacity of the soil. Nanotubes and nanoparticles of silicon dioxide (SiO2), gold (Au), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) contribute to the uptake of nutrients. Nanofertilizers have the controlled mechanism to release nutrients in the soil. This minimizes the use of resources and maximizes the utility. In the present chapter, we will focus on various aspects of nanobiotechnology for crop quality and quantity improvement.
