ABSTRACT
Nanobiosensors show high performance in selectivity, biocompatibility, nontoxicity, reversibility, rapid response, and the sensitivity of determination by utilizing nanomaterials to introduce lots of brand new signal transduction technologies, which have been used recently. Nanobiosensors are made from nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, or other biological nanomaterials. Nanoparticle-based biosensors can be divided into three subtypes: acoustic wave biosensors, magnetic biosensors, and electrochemical biosensors. Acoustic wave sensors measure the changes in acoustic wave or mechanical waves as a detection mechanism to obtain medical, biochemical, and biophysical information about the analyte of interest. Electrochemical biosensors contain three electrodes: reference electrode, working electrode, and counter electrode. Conjugated gold nanoparticles have been used in the designing of electrochemical biosensors for the identification of glucose, xanthine, and hydrogen peroxide. Electrochemical biosensors can further classified into four types depending on their working type: potentiometric, amperometeric, conductimetric, and impedimetric.
