ABSTRACT
Over the past few decades it has become increasingly apparent that angiography alone cannot determine whether a coronary artery lesion produces ischaemia, and that adjunctive use of coronary physiology results in improved clinical outcomes. This chapter details the expanding role that physiological indices such as fractional flow reserve and the instantaneous wave-free ratio plays in the assessment of acute coronary syndromes, and following PCI to assess reduction in ischaemic burden, and how the imaging modalities of intravascular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography have allowed near-histological level of detail of coronary vessels.
