ABSTRACT
Surface irrigation is the oldest form of irrigation and still remains the most common application technique across the globe. Surface irrigation is the term used to describe the range of application techniques by which water is delivered to one or more points or edges of a field, and distributes over the field area under the influence of gravity. Surge irrigation is a technique where the flow that is typically higher than the constant flow used on that field is pulsed on and off. Field slope is often perceived as a major contributor to the performance of surface irrigation. The soil infiltration rate is a major driver in the performance of surface irrigation. The soil is often seen as the uncontrollable factor, and optimal irrigation performance is achieved by matching the field design and management to suit the soil conditions. A major benefit of automated systems is the ability to continuously and remotely monitor the status of the irrigation system.
