ABSTRACT
According to this approach, the ultimate horizontal load is relatively more reduced by a vertical load than inversely the ultimate load by a horizontal load component.
Ismael (1988) presented the results of field tests with combined tension loading on small bored piles (length L = 1.5 m, diameter D = 0.101 m) in medium dense sand. He concluded that the horizontal component of the ultimate pile load is only slightly affected by a tensile axial force acting simultaneously.
