Pumping influence on fresh properties of self-consolidating concrete

The water content is very important in pumpable concrete. With lower water content, the solid particles, instead of moving longitudinally in a coherent mass in suspension, would exert pressure on the walls of the pipe. When the water content is optimum, as Neville (1987) stated, friction develops only at the surface of the pipe and in a thin layer of lubricating mortar (1 to 2.5 mm).