ABSTRACT
Cancer is a collection of distinct genetic diseases. Central to cancer development is a single cell to progressively acquire genetic mutations that lead to the activation of oncogenes and/or inactivation of tumor suppressor genes [1-3]. The quest to discover the full complement of cancer development has led to identication of a wide range of oncogenes as well as genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, many of which encode signaling proteins preferentially involved in a small number of pathways [4-6]. Since signaling proteins often operate through a large and complex network, crucial to cancer biology is to elucidate the mechanisms how mutated proteins alter and govern signaling of cancer cells in the context of intracellular and/or intercellular signaling networks [7-10]. Integrative cellular assays now in development, such as label-free resonant waveguide grating (RWG) biosensor cellular assays, are making it possible to study various signaling pathways and their network interactions in a variety of disease states including cancers [11-15].
