ABSTRACT
Genomic DNA is continuously damaged by both endogenously produced species and exogenous agents. Examples of endogenous species include byproducts of lipid peroxidation such as acrolein, trans-4-hydroxy-2nonenal(HNE), and 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine (εdA). Some of these species can induce secondary lesions such as DNA−protein, DNA−peptide, and DNA−DNA cross-links (ICLs) (Stone et al. 2008; Minko et al. 2009). Exogenous agents may include environmental agents such as UV irradiation, chemical carcinogens, and therapeutic agents such as mitomycin C, platinum drugs, temozolomide, fotemustine, nucleoside analogues, nitrogen mustards, equine estrogens, and psoralen.
