ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the miniaturization leading to mobile cameras represents a size factor ranging from approximately 3 to 5 compared to compact cameras, but the technical solutions that are used in compact cameras do not work at the scale of further miniaturization because most of the guiding of optical systems in digital still cameras (DSCs) is based on the friction of sliding cylinders to move an optical subassembly with regard to other optical blocks, while keeping precise alignments. Due to the surface/volume ratio,
further miniaturization of cameras has made this solution impractical. Thus, for at least 20 years, the industry has been trying to change the way optical adjustments are made, in order to suppress any physical motion of glass/plastic lenses. The outcome has been the incorporation of variable lenses in digital cameras (Berge and Peseux 2000).
