ABSTRACT
Understanding stem cells’ behavior and improving their proliferation in different situations and cultures are considered among the most challenging aspects in stem cell research. A better understanding of these processes may yield information about how they arise and suggests new strategies for therapy. Low-intensity laser irradiation has been shown to enhance stem cell proliferation when using the appropriate set of parameters and conditions. A critical factor is the correct selection of suitable laser sources and parameters in a manner that enhances the proliferation and adapts the process to the requirements of the stem cell type, nature, state, and properties. The development of a flexible, reproducible, and scalable computer model can play a key role in such systems, as it can be a tool for observing stem cells’ characteristics, predicting their behavior, and supporting decisions for selecting their right set of conditions and parameters. This work provides a prospective comprehensive study that investigates the main aspects of applying low-intensity laser irradiation on stem cells and its effect on their proliferation under different parameters and conditions consolidated by an intelligent agent–based model. In this work, several stem cell types were investigated; some were validated and confirmed by clinical and experimental trials including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, adipose-derived stem cells, cardiac stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, and satellite cells; others still need to be confirmed by clinical trials such as endothelial stem cells, amniotic fluid stem cells, renal stem cells, and epithelial stem cells. This study recommends a wavelength ranging from 530 to 680 nm and an energy density ranging from 0.3 to 6.0 J/cm2 with short exposure times. Short evaluation periods are preferred since the enhancement extent of proliferation decreases with time as the process of cell differentiation increases.
