ABSTRACT
Therapeutic antibody engineering characterizes one of the emerging areas in medical and pharmaceutical industry. Antibodies have been engineered by a variety of methods to suit a particular therapeutic use. Antibodies, called immunoglobulins, are immune responsive proteins that are stimulated and generated by B lymphocytes against a particular epitope of the antigen and these are capable to react specifically with the epitope of antigen. There are five major classes of immunoglobulins: immunoglobulin-(Ig)A, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Almost all kinds of microbes able to trigger immune response to generate antibodies and thriving recognition and eradication of numerous varieties of microbial population requires unique antibody to each type of microbe and diversity among antibodies. Antibodies generally occur as soluble proteins in the serum or they can be display on the surface of B cells. Therapeutic antibodies are mainly classified into different types based on their mode of action.
