ABSTRACT
Fitness activities have a long history in China. Some activities, such as archery, horseriding, spear throwing, tree climbing, shuttlecock kicking and Chinese martial arts, can be traced back several thousand years, and fitness for inner health has a similarly long history, especially Qi gong and Tai ji quan. These activities were very popular whenever the economy was in good condition, and various organizations were set up to deal with the activities, such as those for archery, ball kicking, and martial arts, in which ordinary citizens, as well as emperors and imperial officials, participated.
