ABSTRACT
The evolving nature of science and medicine in British India reflected shifting colonial priorities, the changing socio-political environment, and the increasing role of Indians as participants and consumers. Until the 1890s science and medicine were preoccupied with surveying, data collection, and the creation of basic services and institutions. After the 1890s there was a shift towards greater engagement with the Indian public, with issues of development and advanced institutional growth. This was also a situation of growing (if still constrained) Indian involvement in the conduct of science and medicine and the rise of vernacular alternatives to Western hegemony.
