ABSTRACT
Translanguaging has opened up a range of insights into contemporary language use, the chapter explains about languages, bilingualism, and language mixing. Bilingualism is concerned with social practices, language in real life, discrimination, access to resources, and inequality. Neither a dystopian approach to monolithic English nor a utopian focus on varieties of English can account for the complex relations between English and its users. The dilemma is how to acknowledge the debt owed to this tradition—the critical analytic approach of Marx and the hermeneutic project of Heidegger, for example—while also provincializing it in relation to Indian history, institutions, and cultures. The activist part of translingual activism brings the notion of resourceful speakers into conversation with a longer history of critical practice, with a perspective that acknowledges the politics of language and education and seeks to address and transform social, cultural, and economic inequalities.
