ABSTRACT
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of the structures that contain nerve fibers or axons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) with motor and sensory, somatic and visceral, end organs. Examination should be conducted in a comfortable room where both the patient and the examiner will be free from distraction. The nature and object of the test should be explained to the patient, as most patients will be unfamiliar with the procedures taking place during a neurological examination. Muscles are usually innervated by more than one nerve root, and the exact distribution varies between individuals. When testing a movement, the limb should be firmly supported proximal to the relevant joint in order to isolate the chosen muscle group. Sensory examination requires considerable concentration of both patient and examiner. This chapter presents the evaluation of major muscles in the upper extremities and lower extremities.
