ABSTRACT
Placement of a ventricular shunt for treatment of hydrocephalus is one of the most common procedures performed by neurosurgeons. According to the National Hydrocephalus Foundation, there are approximately 75,000 discharges from American hospitals each year with the diagnosis of hydrocephalus. The traditional theory of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation posits that CSF is produced by the choroid plexus within the ventricles. CSF then passes through the ventricles, ultimately exiting the ventricular system through the outlets of the fourth ventricle. A cranial incision is made at the site for ventricular catheter insertion, either frontal or posterior depending on surgeon preference. A burr hole is made. In infants, the anterior fontanelle may be used as a site to enter the cranium without bony removal. The diagnosis of hydrocephalus can be overwhelming and frightening, but with early diagnosis and timely treatment, the prognosis can be greatly improved. Many patients with hydrocephalus as their primary condition go on to lead productive lives with few restrictions.
