ABSTRACT
This chapter begins with vectors. The first vector is five dimensional, and the last two vectors are three dimensional. Usually the elements of vectors will be from the set of real numbers. There is another way to think of vectors, and that is to view vectors as arrows in the plane or possibly in three-dimensional space. The set of real numbers is denoted by R. Matrix addition is defined as element-by-element addition. The mean() function in R can take a vector of any length. A function of many input variables and also many output variables is constructed by combining the two concepts of multivariate and vector-valued.
