ABSTRACT
There is a technique in law enforcement called “profiling,” which has been used over many years in order to determine if a given criminal behavior leads to a mechanism for defining a category of suspects.
Although this approach has been successful in many instances, it has also led to widespread abuses. First, let us consider one of the major types of abuse. The expression “driving while Black” has evolved from the all-too-common practice of police officers stopping an automobile driven by an African-American who might be driving in a predominantly white neighborhood. As eminent a person as former President Barack Obama has reported that this has happened to him on occasion.
