ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of hybrid electric vehicles and their characteristics. Initially, the difference between hybrid electric and conventional vehicles is distinguished. This includes how hybrid electric vehicles achieve improved fuel economy compared to conventional vehicles. In Section 12.2, the inuence of driving cycles on fuel economy improvement is analyzed. A worked example is also provided with the relevant ground works to emphasize the correlation between driving cycle and fuel economy. In Section 12.3, the terrain information is also taken into consideration with the driving cycle, and variation in propulsion requirements is highlighted. Major hybrid electric vehicle technologies are addressed in Section 12.4. Section 12.5 classies road vehicles based
12.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 411 12.2 Hybrid Electric Vehicles ....................................................................................................... 412
12.2.1 Fuel Economy Improvement in HEVs ...................................................................... 412 12.3 Driving Cycles ...................................................................................................................... 414
12.3.1 Effect of Driving Cycles on Fuel Economy Enhancement and Emission Reduction ......................................................................................... 414 12.3.1.1 Case Study 1 .............................................................................................. 417
12.3.2 How Hybrid Vehicles Can Benet from Conventional Vehicles to Achieve Fuel Economy ......................................................................................... 419
12.4 Driving Cycles and Road Conditions on Fuel Economy ...................................................... 420 12.4.1 Case Study 2 ............................................................................................................. 421
12.5 HEV Technologies ................................................................................................................ 423 12.5.1 Micro Hybrids ........................................................................................................... 423 12.5.2 Mild Hybrids ............................................................................................................. 423 12.5.3 Full Hybrids ..............................................................................................................424
