ABSTRACT
Land and water are the abiotic elements forming the foundation of an ecosystem, each closely interlinked with each other and dynamically related to the biotic components of the ecosystem. Water is received as precipitation on the ecosystem and is transformed into soil moisture, groundwater, surface runoff, and evapotranspiration, depending on the input and ecosystem characteristics. Three aspects of local-level interaction-watershed, groundwater, and command area development, though diverse, are closely related and are, therefore, considered together. Interacting with land, it leads to specific flora and fauna, as well as land-water interaction and soil erosion. Thus, management of land-water interaction, in physical terms and appropriate land use, is extremely important. Three aspects of local-level interaction-watershed, groundwater, and command area development-are accordingly studied together. The subject has received increasing emphasis of late.
