ABSTRACT
Development ............................................................................................................. 572 17.1.4 Wafer Scale Batch Fabrication of SECM-AFM Probes ........................................... 574 17.1.5 Other SECM-AFM Fabrication Methodologies ....................................................... 577 17.1.6 Modeling of SECM-AFM Probe Responses ............................................................ 578 17.1.7 Application Areas of SECM-AFM ........................................................................... 578
17.1.7.1 Imaging Reactive Sites on a Surface ......................................................... 578 17.1.7.2 Imaging Membrane Transport Processes .................................................. 581 17.1.7.3 Biosensor Activity ...................................................................................... 581 17.1.7.4 Substrate Patterning ................................................................................... 582 17.1.7.5 Probing Surface-Attached Redox Macromolecules: Mt/SECM-AFM ...... 583 17.1.7.6 Attaching a Redox SECM Mediator to an SECM-AFM Probe:
Tarm/SECM-AFM ..................................................................................... 586 17.2 Combined Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy-Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ........ 587 17.3 Distance Control in SECM ................................................................................................... 590
17.3.1 Shear Force Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy ................................................ 590 17.3.1.1 Shear Force SECM with Vibrating Needle UMEs .................................... 590 17.3.1.2 Using Quartz Crystal Resonators as Shear Force
Transducers for SECM ............................................................................. 595 17.3.2 Intermittent Contact-Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy ................................. 599 17.3.3 Alternating Current-Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy .................................. 599
17.4 Capillary-Based Electrochemical Imaging Probes ..............................................................602 17.4.1 Combined Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy-Scanning Ion
Conductance Microscopy .........................................................................................602 17.4.1.1 Scanning Ion Conductance ........................................................................602 17.4.1.2 Different Methods of SECM-SICM Tip Fabrication .................................604 17.4.1.3 Imaging Applications of SECM-SICM .....................................................605
