ABSTRACT
Looking at the IPA CHART in Figure 8.1, you will see that there are a number of different sorts of information. There is the main grid (entitled ‘CONSONANTS (PULMONIC)’) containing only consonant sounds that are made using air from the lungs. Many of these will now be familiar to you because of the work done in earlier chapters of this book and because of your knowledge of English. Directly below on the left is a smaller grid containing symbols for sounds made using air other than air from the lungs, entitled ‘CONSONANTS (NON-PULMONIC)’. These include sounds like the clicks (the ‘kissing’ sound, the ‘tut-tut’ sound, ‘gee-up’, etc.). To the right of this box is a vowel diagram containing all the vowel symbols you have met so far and some more besides.
