ABSTRACT
In many countries around the world, the way that powerful people and institutions work to influence the press is far from subtle. Reporters are sometimes sued and slapped with huge financial judgments, jailed, kidnapped, and even hunted and killed (Phillips, 2013). By contrast, reporters working in the United States face far less serious overt pressures, although a handful were arrested covering a protest in California in 2012 (Aronsen, 2012), others have been subject to judicial subpoena and search warrants (Horwitz, 2013), and many fear that federal investigations of sources who leak confidential information will make it far more difficult to do the job of journalists (Royce-Bartlett, 2013).
