ABSTRACT
As the previous sections attest, geopolitical knowledge tends to be constructed from positions and locations of political, economic, and cultural power and privilege. Hence the histories of geopolitics have tended to focus upon the actions of states and their elites, understating rebellion and overemphasizing statesmanship. However, the geopolitical policies enacted by states, and the discourses articulated by their policy makers, have rarely gone without some form of contestation by those who have faced various forms of domination, exploitation and/ or subjection which result from such practices. As Foucault has noted, “there are no relations of power without resistances…like power, resistance is multiple and can be integrated in global strategies” (1980:142).
