ABSTRACT
This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the key concepts discussed in the preceding chapters of this book. The book address two fundamental questions relevant to language assessment: What's the right thing to do to bring about fair assessments and just institutions and what’s the right thing to do to remove manifest unfairness and injustice? It describes language assessments from the different contexts of civil service, literacy and immigration, and school-based assessments and offered brief evaluations. The book discusses two approaches to assessment evaluations: standards-based and argument-based approaches. It provides a principled basis for fairness and justice by drawing on theoretical work from moral philosophers John Rawls and Amartya Sen. The book discusses how to evaluate arguments and explains issues related to the application of fairness and justice in terms of language assessment. It discusses the concept of absence of bias as part of Principle 1, Fairness.
