ABSTRACT
English vernaculars derived not only from treatise-theorization and formal education but also from popular genres dating to the Renaissance courtesy manuals and secretary books. Later rhetorics for home and business updated the conduct and advice genres with reassurances about language propitious for advancement in society, commerce, and profession. Further democratic vernaculars emerged for lyceum lecturing, literary and debating societies, stump speaking, and audience-adapted preaching, and these laid a foundation for later business-focused adult- and correspondence-education genres.
