ABSTRACT
In a guide for travellers published in 1789, Count Leopold Berchtold suggests that the ‘fidelity, sobriety, secrecy, intrepidity, and aversion to illicit and dangerous amusements’ of a servant must be demanded by their employer prior to engaging them to accompany a Continental tour. John Macdonald, for example, became an expert traveller who was employed to accompany and guide employers on long continental trips because of the expertise he had acquired, and then used his knowledge directly by working in a hotel. James Thoburn, like William Fletcher and Macdonald, writes of perilous Mediterranean sea-journeys, illness, and quarantine, and in addition he describes the dangers of both being in Paris during the Revolution and travelling in Europe during the Napoleonic conflict. Macdonald likewise ended his travel writing when he married; his travelling had been brought to an end by his sexual adventures.
