ABSTRACT
Face-to-face interaction is the social setting from which meanings critical to the interpretation of collective identities, grievances, and opportunities are created, interpreted, and transformed.
—Mueller (1992, p. 10)
What makes conversation democratic is not free, equal, and spontaneous expression but equal access to the floor, equal participation in setting the ground rules for discussion, and a set of ground rules designed to encourage pertinent speaking, attentive listening, appropriate simplifications, and widely apportioned speaking rights.
—Schudson (2008, p. 106)
