ABSTRACT
In order to motivate students, their attitudes and behaviours must be first understood. Such an understanding, i.e., motivation theories, can provide the reader with the necessary background information concerning the multifaceted aspects of motivation as a psychological process. According to self determination theory, there are three basic human psychological needs: Autonomy, Relatedness, and Competence. Vroom's theory of motivation is based on the following three elements: Expectancy: Which is the belief that a student’s effort will result in the attainment of desired performance goals; Instrumentality: Which is the belief that a student will receive a reward if the performance expectation is met (either intrinsic or extrinsic); and Valence: Which is the value the student places on the rewards based on their needs, goals, values and sources of motivation. There is little point in suggesting a reward that is of little interest or value to the learner. No one theory can comprehensively explain motivation..
