ABSTRACT
Comorbidity, or co-occurrence, across learning difficulties is relatively common. The comorbidity of difficulties is a crucial topic to consider given the high stakes of such conditions. Children with more than one learning difficulty appear to be at more risk for being held back at school, for general academic problems, for some social difficulties, for problems at work, and even for being arrested. One is a common learning difficulty and two are psychological difficulties that can be debilitating in their own rights for children, adolescents, and adults. However, a relatively large minority of children with dyslexia also have somewhat extreme difficulties with mathematics. Experts recommend allowing children with dyscalculia to use the calculator in all of their higher-level mathematics work. Apart from dyscalculia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and dysgraphia, children with dyslexia often additionally have anxiety disorders. Cognitive behavioral therapy techniques teach children to challenge their thinking and help them not to be extreme in this thinking.
