ABSTRACT
This chapter shows how emotions cause resistance to belief change. It considers the general nature of emotions before examining their role in learning and resistance. V. Shuman and K. R. Scherer also distinguish between the terms “emotions” and “affect”. C. G. Morris and A. A. Maisto have observed that the study of emotions is complicated by at least two problems. First, the number of emotions that may be identified is partly a function of the language of a culture. First, the number of emotions that may be identified is partly a function of the language of a culture. The second problem is that different cultures may have different norms for expressing emotions, often called display rules. One of the most commonly cited characteristics of emotions is their valence. Emotions may also be characterized by a number of properties, including their valence, level of arousal, target, primal origins, and purpose.
