ABSTRACT
This review of closures is organized as a description of the common ways to seal a jar. Stoppers are most commonly associated with necked, narrow mouthed vessels, although they are occasionally found fitted to jars. Cork stoppers were not seriously challenged as "all purpose" bottle closures until after World War I. When tied on with thread or wire, corks provided acceptable hermetic seals for both alcoholic and carbonated beverages. Crowns are flat, hollow shells of tin plate with a crimped, fluted skirt. What the Crown Cap was to pop bottles, band caps were to food jars. Phoenix Caps and Goldy Seals were the two band cap designs most in use at the end of the nineteenth century, which along with the crown set the standards for development of twentieth century closures. The basic Anchor Cap design consists of a cap with a prominent outward distal step in its skirt that encloses a rubber gasket on three sides.
