ABSTRACT
This chapter reflects theory beyond the level of assumptions, beliefs, and conceptions of teaching and learning to include reflecting on teacher planning, critical incidents, and case analysis. By examining their planning, through analysis of three forms of lesson planning teachers can get a better understanding of the theory behind their lessons in terms of the focus of the syllabus and lesson. The theory behind their use of methodology and the different roles for teachers and students are encouraged in such lessons. By detailing, analyzing, and interpreting important critical incidents and case studies, teachers are also provided with further opportunities to reflect on and consolidate their philosophical and theoretical understanding of their practices and if they desire, can even go on to further and more detailed exploration of different aspects of teaching through detailed action research projects. Argyris and Schon have distinguished between two types of theories that practitioners use: "official" theories and "unofficial" theories.
