ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses various dilemmas, including the problems that can arise when two or more supervisors give differing advice. This may arise because supervisors come from different disciplines, cultures or traditions. The candidate is then on the receiving end of differing views about how best to proceed. It introduces the concept of the ‘external supervisor’, the supervisor from business, industry or the professions, and explores different approaches to including them in developing the research proposal and informing them about the academic principles and protocols that need to be followed while bearing in mind the practical constraints that external supervisors might themselves face.
