ABSTRACT
Parenting self-efficacy is parents’ belief about their roles as parents or their perceptions of their ability to determine their children’s behavior and development. Factors influencing parenting self-efficacy include parents’ childhood-rearing experience, parents’ experience with children, parents’ cognitive and behavioral levels, social support, and children’s characteristics. The purpose of this study is to examine whether or not parent involvement (as part of parents’ cognitive and behavioral level) and co-parenting (as part of social support) predicts parenting self-efficacy. As research sample, we selected 306 parents which consisted of 152 fathers and 154 mothers aged between 25 and 45 years who had middle childhood children aged between 5 and 12 years. These parents were residents of Greater Jakarta. Parents were required to fulfill three questionnaires about parenting self-efficacy which had been adapted from the Self-Efficacy for Parenting Task Index (SEPTI). The questionnaire used to measure parent involvement was the Father Involvement Scale-Reported/Mother Involvement Scale-Reported (FIS-R/MIS-R), while the questionnaire used to measure co-parenting was the Co-parenting Relationship Scale. Results indicate that parent involvement (β = 0.363, p < 0.01) and co-parenting (β = 0.434, p < 0.01) significantly influence parenting self-efficacy (R2 = 0.440. F (2, 303) = 120.702, p < 0.01). The findings and implications of this study are also discussed.
