ABSTRACT
This study specifically examines the role of philosophy, which can still be found in ethnic communities living in Indonesia. Each region has its own cosmological and philosophical treasury that becomes the guidance for the community to act, speak and behave. As a way of life, the Nusantara philosophy materialises in human understanding on the complexity of their natural surroundings. This study was carried out in East Java and East Nusa Tenggara by observing the communities’ way of life, which revolves around solving a problem together and mutual assistance. This study also focuses on the communities’ traditional systems, which preserve certain patterns of mutual cooperation, and provide new solutions to actual problems. This research is based on the cultural complexity, the philosophical view of life, and particular ethnic and philosophical advice, which are widely used today and for generations to come. Thus, the conception of the philosophy of living in a society and mutual cooperation can be explained.
