ABSTRACT
Action must be the end product of planning, for without action planning is a pointless and empty activity. All the benefits – of mental stimulation, careful analysis, the integration of more facts into decision making, and of the involvement and greater participation of managers in defining the future of the company – become ghostly shadows that lack substance and vanish in the harsh light of reality. No company anywhere in the world has ever added a single penny to its profits from making plans: the rewards are only realised when plans are implemented.
