ABSTRACT
Radiators and convectors are the principal means of heat emission in most buildings. In addition to the corrugated profile, finned backing will increase the heating surface and contribute to a higher convected output. Drop and ladder systems are used for buildings of several storeys. The drop system has the advantage gravity of being self-venting and the radiators will not become air locked. Traditional solid fuelled systems operate convection or circulation. The one- and two-pipe parallel systems are useful where pipe work can be accommodated within a floor structure, a raised floor or a suspended ceiling. The two-pipe upfeed system is used when it is impractical to locate pipes horizontally at high level. The main heating distribution pipes can be placed in a floor duct or within a raised floor. The two-pipe high level return system is particularly appropriate for installation in refurbishments to existing buildings with solid ground floors.
