ABSTRACT
Bacterial infection of the lower respiratory tract is one of the most commonly recognized causes of pneumonia in small animals. The chances of resolving bacterial pneumonia are significantly improved when the selection of antibiotics is based on culture and sensitivity results. Viral species commonly associated with pneumonia in small animals include canine distemper virus, canine adenovirus, canine parainfluenza, and feline calici virus. Aspiration of liquid or particulate matter into the lower respiratory tract may lead to pneumonia. A history of vomiting or regurgitation followed by respiratory distress shortly afterwards is typical of aspiration into the lower airways. Mechanisms by which smoke inhalation can cause pneumonia include heat and chemical injuries to the respiratory tract. The proximity of the upper airway to the proximal aspect of the gastrointestinal tract make pneumonia an important concern in animals with diseases such as megaesophagus, laryngeal paralysis, any pharyngeal dysfunction, and severe dental disease.
