ABSTRACT
Smoke inhalation is a relatively rare occurrence in veterinary emergency and critical care. At the University of Pennsylvania only 27 dogs and 22 cats have been admitted to the Emergency Service with diagnosis of smoke inhalation/exposure during an approximate 10-year period. The components of smoke are complex and are determined by the type of material that is burned, the heat that is generated, and the amount of oxygen available during combustion. Smoke particulates cause mechanical irritation and reflex bronchoconstriction. Superheated particles contribute to mucosal burn; dissolved irritant gases cause chemical irritation and injury to the respiratory mucosa. The majority of smoke inhalation cases tend to occur in the colder months of the year. This likely reflects the greater frequency of dwelling fires due to space heater accidents, heater malfunctions, and the use of Christmas lights. The clinical signs vary depending on the ingredients of smoke that has been inhaled, the heat of the smoke, and intensity and duration of exposure.
