ABSTRACT
In the past two decades, national identity issues have risen in salience in both democracies and authoritarian states. After the break-up of the Soviet Union and Yugoslavia, politicians in new democracies were often successful at exploiting formerly latent ethnic nationalism. In older democracies, the fading of traditional left-right divisions has prompted politicians to seek new issues to mobilize support. This has led to the rise of right-wing nationalist and antiimmigrant parties, such as the List Pim Fortuyn in The Netherlands. In China, the CCP has also increasingly sought legitimacy as the representative of Chinese nationalism.
