ABSTRACT
I. Introduction 492
II. Animal Models 493
A. Draize Rabbit Models 493
B. Cumulative Irritation Assays 493
C. Immersion Assay 496
D. Mouse Ear Model 496
E. Other Methods 497
F. In Vitro Assays 497
III. Human Models 497
A. Single-Application Patch Testing 497
B. Cumulative Irritation Testing 498
C. The Chamber Scarification Test 499
D. The Soap Chamber Test 499
E. Immersion Tests 499
F. Wash Tests 500
G. Assessing Protective Barriers 501
H. Bioengineering Methods in Model Development 501
References 502
I. INTRODUCTION
Among its many functions, skin is an important barrier that may be disrupted by irritation. For this reason, we must document the potential toxicity of any substance to human skin.
