ABSTRACT
Introduction ......................................................................................................................................83 Transgenic ModiÞcation ..................................................................................................................84 Paratransgenesis ...............................................................................................................................84 The Triatomine Bug
Rhodnius prolixus
: A Paradigm for Paratransgenesis ...................................85 Paratransgenic Manipulation of
Rhodnius prolixus
........................................................................85 Cecropin A Expression in Paratransgenic
Rhodnius prolixus
.........................................................86 Antibody Expression........................................................................................................................88 A Spreading Strategy for Potential Field Application ....................................................................91 Cruzigard: A Substrate for Gene Delivery ......................................................................................91 Foreign Gene Spread under Spatially Accurate Conditions ...........................................................92 Environmental Implications of a Paratransgenic Strategy ..............................................................93 Summary ..........................................................................................................................................94 References ........................................................................................................................................94
Despite many advances in vaccines and public-health measures, insect-borne diseases remain a leading cause of human illness throughout the world. It is estimated that between 300 and 500 million cases of malaria alone occur annually, with 2.3 billion humans living in areas of malaria risk (Gratz, 1999). Visceral leishmaniasis, transmitted by phlebotomine sandßies, has undergone resurgence in eastern regions of India, with spread into neighboring areas of Nepal. Epidemics of dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever continue in Latin America and Southeast Asia, linked closely to the introduction and spread of the mosquito vector,
