ABSTRACT
Dischargers to sewers include major industrial facilities, e.g., petroleum reÞneries and pharmaceutical manufacturers, smaller commercial establishments, (e.g., dry cleaners and graphic arts facilities), public institutions, (e.g., universities) and residential households that use consumer products containing VOCs. Thus, municipal sewers are important with respect to VOCs emissions for two reasons. First, the composition of VOCs and HAPs observed in wastewater provides a qualitative “snapshot” of the potential for emissions from non-mobile sources in urban areas. Second, sewers themselves may serve as important area sources of VOC emissions.
