ABSTRACT
Like all other structures in the human body, those of the urogenital system also undergo aging. This degenerative process may induce a variety of dysfunctions in the organs and structures, which in turn lead to various symptoms. It remains unclear whether this is due to the hormonal changes associated with the menopause, or is just part of the aging process. Lack of estrogen may be related to some of these changes, but the effects of estrogen replacement on these conditions have not been demonstrated conclusively. However, several factors suggest that some lower urinary tract changes are related to loss of estrogen stimulation. The urethra and vagina share a common derivation from the urogenital sinus, and the mucosa of the urethra undergoes cyclic variation during menses. With the arrival of the menopause, there is regression of the thick squamous epithelium that is found during the reproductive period. Estrogen affects collagen content and metabolism differently depending on site and function of the involved tissue.
