ABSTRACT
By 1830, there had been no changes to the European frontiers as laid down at the Congress of Vienna. Although Greece had emerged as a new state, the Turkish Empire from which it had broken away had been excluded from the settlement. By 1848, the maps had still not changed significantly; the cordon sanitaire had been altered only to allow the separation of Belgium from the Kingdom of the Netherlands, and in eastern Europe Austria had annexed the previously free city of Krakow.
